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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Lung involvement in rheumatoid arthritis, a prospective study.

Antoine Froidure1,2, Marie Perrot1, Aleksandra Avramovska3

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Lung involvement is common in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and emphysema frequently observed. Prioritizing screening for older males with active RA and reduced lung function is recommended.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can affect the lungs, but the prevalence of various lung conditions in early RA is not well understood.
  • A multicentric prospective study was designed to investigate interstitial lung disease (ILD), emphysema, bronchiolitis, and nodules in early RA patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of different types of lung involvement in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.
  • To identify risk factors and predictors associated with lung conditions like ILD and emphysema in RA.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 258 patients with RA (disease duration 1-10 years) for comprehensive respiratory evaluation.
  • Utilized high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and genetic analysis.
  • Centralized review of HRCT scans and statistical analysis to identify associations and predictors.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of ILD, emphysema, and significant air trapping was 15%, 20%, and 34% respectively.
  • Older age, male sex, higher disease activity, and lower diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D_LCO) were associated with ILD and emphysema.
  • Predictors for ILD included older age, high Disease Activity Score-28, rheumatoid factor positivity, low D_LCO, and MUC5B variant; smoking pack-years predicted emphysema.

Conclusions:

  • Lung involvement is prevalent in early RA, with constrictive bronchiolitis, emphysema, and ILD being common.
  • Older age, uncontrolled disease, male sex, and reduced D_LCO are associated with ILD and emphysema.
  • Targeted screening in high-risk RA subpopulations is advised.