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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Parasitic plants form specialized haustoria for host interaction.
  • Internal signaling pathways regulating haustorium development are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify endogenous signals that induce prehaustorium formation in *Phtheirospermum japonicum*.
  • Investigate the role of root meristem growth factor (RGF) peptides in parasitic plant development.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of *P. japonicum* with RGF peptides.
  • Gene expression analysis of *PjYUC3*.
  • CRISPR-mediated gene knockouts of RGF receptors.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of RGF peptides.

Main Results:

  • RGF peptides induced prehaustoria and *PjYUC3* expression without hosts.
  • Receptors PjRGFR1 and PjRGFR3 are essential for prehaustorium formation, showing functional redundancy.
  • PjRGF2 is conserved in Orobanchaceae, while PjRGF5 evolved recently via gene duplication.

Conclusions:

  • RGF peptides and their receptors are critical for haustorium development signaling.
  • Findings provide evolutionary insights into the development of plant parasitism.