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Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent

Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent

Published on: June 5, 2019

Free-breathing 3D pulmonary ventilation mapping at 0.55 T using stack-of-spiral out-in bSSFP.

Ziwei Zhao^1,2, Nam G Lee³, Bilal Tasdelen¹

¹Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|September 17, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new free-breathing 3D pulmonary imaging technique provides accurate regional lung ventilation maps. This method shows good repeatability and strong correlation with existing techniques like PREFUL.

Keywords:

bSSFP low field MRI pulmonary MRI pulmonary ventilation spiral trajectory

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Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent

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Published on: June 5, 2019

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Area of Science:

Pulmonary imaging
Medical physics
Respiratory diagnostics

Background:

Accurate assessment of regional lung ventilation is crucial for diagnosing and managing respiratory diseases.
Current free-breathing techniques may have limitations in resolution, accuracy, or scan time.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel free-breathing 3D pulmonary imaging technique.
To generate high-resolution structural images and regional ventilation maps.
To assess the repeatability and accuracy of the new method against established techniques.

Main Methods:

A 3D stack-of-spiral out-in (SOS out-in) balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence with self-navigators was designed for 2-mm isotropic resolution in 5 minutes.
Respiratory-resolved images were reconstructed using advanced signal processing techniques.
3D ventilation maps were derived from nonrigid image registration, and compared with 2D PREFUL and global tidal volume in six healthy volunteers.

Main Results:

The SOS out-in technique produced high-quality lung images suitable for ventilation estimation.
Regional ventilation measurements demonstrated good repeatability with relative differences under 10%.
Ventilation maps strongly correlated with 2D PREFUL and global tidal volume (R² > 0.7, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The developed free-breathing 3D imaging method provides high-quality structural images and ventilation maps in a single 5-minute scan.
Ventilation measurements are sensitive, consistent, and show good agreement with PREFUL and spirometry.
This technique offers a promising advancement for non-invasive respiratory assessment.