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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

1.4K
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

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The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
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Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

12.2K
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
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Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
7.3K
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

2.5K
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
2.5K
Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

3.0K
A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Development of an Algorithm to Perform a Comprehensive Study of Autonomic Dysreflexia in Animals with High Spinal Cord Injury Using a Telemetry Device
06:51

Development of an Algorithm to Perform a Comprehensive Study of Autonomic Dysreflexia in Animals with High Spinal Cord Injury Using a Telemetry Device

Published on: July 29, 2016

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A neuronal architecture underlying autonomic dysreflexia.

Jan Elaine Soriano1,2,3,4,5, Remi Hudelle4,5, Lois Mahe4,5,6

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Nature
|September 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Autonomic dysreflexia, a dangerous condition after spinal cord injury (SCI), was reversed by targeting specific neuronal pathways. Epidural electrical stimulation offers a new treatment for this life-threatening condition.

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A Radio-telemetric System to Monitor Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection and Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Grafts
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Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats
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Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats

Published on: September 11, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Autonomic dysreflexia is a life-threatening condition following spinal cord injury (SCI).
  • Current understanding of autonomic dysreflexia mechanisms is fragmented, hindering effective therapeutic strategies.
  • Individuals with SCI face daily risks of stroke and heart attack due to this condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the neuronal architecture causing autonomic dysreflexia post-SCI.
  • To identify a neuronal architecture regulated by epidural electrical stimulation for blood pressure control.
  • To develop a mechanism-based intervention for autonomic dysreflexia.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated neuronal architecture changes after spinal cord injury.
  • Examined epidural electrical stimulation effects on blood pressure regulation.
  • Designed and tested a mechanism-based intervention in preclinical models and humans.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct yet overlapping neuronal architectures responsible for autonomic dysreflexia and its regulation.
  • Discovered convergence of these architectures onto a single neuronal subpopulation.
  • Demonstrated reversal of autonomic dysreflexia in mice, rats, and humans using the developed intervention.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals the underlying neuronal basis of autonomic dysreflexia.
  • Epidural electrical stimulation presents a promising, safe, and effective treatment strategy.
  • Findings pave the way for pivotal clinical trials to establish efficacy in humans with SCI.