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Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

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Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment

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Lymphoma in 2 black vultures.

Igor R Santos^1,2, Francisca M S Barbosa¹, Paola A Rodrigues³

¹Department of Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc

|September 18, 2025

Summary

This study reports the first known cases of lymphoma in black vultures (Coragyps atratus). These rare neoplastic diseases highlight a potential new threat to vulture populations already facing decline.

Keywords:

Accipitridae Cathartidae T-cell lymphoma black vultures bone reaction neoplasm

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Pathology
Avian Neoplastic Diseases
Wildlife Conservation

Background:

Vulture populations face significant declines due to poisoning and trauma.
Neoplastic diseases are infrequently documented in vulture species.
Black vultures (Coragyps atratus) are a species of conservation concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To document and characterize the clinical and pathological findings of lymphoma in two free-ranging black vultures.
To contribute to the understanding of neoplastic diseases in avian wildlife.

Main Methods:

Necropsy and histopathological examination of two affected black vultures.
Immunohistochemistry to characterize neoplastic cell markers (CD3, PAX5).
PCR assays to rule out common avian viral infections.

Main Results:

Both vultures presented with severe emaciation and organomegaly.
Histopathology revealed multicentric lymphoma characterized by proliferating lymphocytes.
Neoplastic cells were identified as T-cells (CD3+, PAX5-).
Bone invasion and granulomatous osteomyelitis were observed in one case.
Viral PCR assays were negative.

Conclusions:

This is the first report of lymphoma in vultures.
Multicentric T-cell lymphoma can affect black vultures.
Neoplastic diseases may represent an underrecognized threat to vulture populations.