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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Imaging Brown Adipose Tissue: Current State and Future Perspective.

Junhao Li1, Li Wang2, Shiyao Wu2,3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China.

Theranostics
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) imaging faces challenges with current methods like [18F]FDG PET-CT. New imaging techniques offer precise, cost-effective alternatives for studying BAT

Keywords:
brown adipose tissuefunctionimagingmetabolism.physiology

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Biomedical imaging
  • Thermogenesis

Background:

  • Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key metabolic regulator and therapeutic target for metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
  • Current gold-standard BAT imaging, 18F-flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET-CT), has limitations including high cost, long scan times, and radiation exposure.
  • These limitations hinder its use in longitudinal studies and broad clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current advancements in brown adipose tissue (BAT) imaging techniques.
  • To highlight emerging modalities that overcome the limitations of [18F]FDG PET-CT.
  • To discuss the potential of novel imaging biomarkers and future perspectives in BAT imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of BAT imaging modalities.
  • Analysis of alternative biomarkers for BAT, including lipid content, perfusion, density, thermal emissions, and mitochondrial activity.
  • Discussion of advanced imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), infrared thermography, optoacoustic imaging, and Xenon-enhanced imaging.

Main Results:

  • Several advanced imaging methods show promise for precise, facile, and broadly applicable BAT imaging.
  • Emerging modalities offer alternatives to [18F]FDG PET-CT by targeting different physiological aspects of BAT.
  • These techniques aim to reduce costs, shorten imaging times, and minimize radiation exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Novel imaging techniques are crucial for advancing BAT research and its therapeutic applications.
  • Future developments, including artificial intelligence integration, will further enhance the capabilities of BAT imaging.
  • Improved imaging will facilitate longitudinal studies and clinical translation for metabolic and other diseases.