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Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

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Applying Human-Centered Design to Develop Smartphone-Based Intervention Messages to Help Young Adults Quit Using

Thi Phuong Thao Tran^1,2, Christine Tran^3,4, Pamela M Ling^4,5

¹School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.

JMIR Human Factors

|September 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed smartphone messages for young adults to quit smoking and vaping using human-centered design. Remote testing significantly improved message comprehension, usefulness, tone, and design for effective dual tobacco cessation.

Keywords:

dual tobacco use human-centered design mHealth mobile health smartphone intervention smoking tobacco cessation vaping young adults

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Digital Health
Behavioral Science

Background:

Young adults commonly engage in dual tobacco use (e-cigarettes and cigarettes), yet few cessation interventions exist.
Human-centered design (HCD) approaches are underutilized in developing interventions for dual tobacco cessation.

Purpose of the Study:

To apply an HCD approach to develop smartphone-based intervention messages for dual tobacco cessation among young adults.
To refine messages based on user feedback to enhance their effectiveness.

Main Methods:

Developed intervention messages using HCD principles, cessation theories, and prior research.
Conducted three rounds of asynchronous online message testing with 35 young adults (18-29 years) motivated to quit.
Collected quantitative ratings (comprehension, usefulness, tone, design) and qualitative feedback on message elements.

Main Results:

Significant improvements were observed in overall message ratings after refinement (3.6 to 4.6).
Specific improvements noted in comprehension (4.0 to 4.9), usefulness (3.0 to 4.4), tone (3.8 to 4.8), and design (3.4 to 4.4).
Qualitative feedback identified effective design elements (clear layout, minimal imagery) and areas for improvement (color, text length, wording).

Conclusions:

HCD, combined with remote message testing, effectively developed appealing and relevant smartphone intervention messages for dual tobacco cessation.
Remote testing facilitates rapid prototyping and user feedback for timely intervention refinement.
This methodology can inform future digital health interventions for emerging behaviors in young adults.