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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling
Published on: April 7, 2015
Schaalia cardiffensis: an infrequent etiology of empyema with community-acquired pneumonia
Kai Wu1, Qingyao Li2, Wei Wang3
1Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Abstract:
Schaalia infections are uncommon, with Schaalia cardiffensis infections being exceptionally rare. A 66-year-old, penicillin-allergic female presented with fever, cough and purulent sputum. Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral pneumonia, right loculated empyema and right lower lobe atelectasis. Initial drainage cultures identified only Streptococcus oralis, but subsequent anaerobic enrichment and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed S. cardiffensis, an obligate anaerobe. Due to absent susceptibility data, we established initial antimicrobial susceptibility profile for S. cardiffensis. Successful management was achieved using alternative antibiotics combined with percutaneous drainagein. This first Chinese case of an empyema co-infected with S. cardiffensis and S. oralis highlights diagnostic challenges and provides crucial susceptibility guidance.
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