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Related Concept Videos

Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines01:24

Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines

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A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
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Electromechanical systems are intricate configurations that effectively combine electrical and mechanical elements to achieve a desired outcome. Central to many of these systems is the DC motor, a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, enabling various applications ranging from simple fans to complex robotic mechanisms.
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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
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Reprogrammable sequencing for physically intelligent underactuated robots.

Leon M Kamp1, Mohamed Zanaty1, Ahmad Zareei1

  • 1J. A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces physically intelligent mechanisms that autonomously adjust motion using multistability. These devices leverage mechanical stimuli for passive reprogramming, enabling tasks like object sorting and obstacle avoidance without complex computation.

Keywords:
autonomous interactionsmechanical sensingmultistabilityphysical intelligence

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Mechatronics

Background:

  • Programming physical intelligence into mechanisms offers potential for resource-efficient machines.
  • Underactuated mechanisms can perform complex tasks with fewer components.
  • Autonomous motion adjustment in response to environmental interactions is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a design approach for physically intelligent underactuated mechanisms.
  • To demonstrate autonomous motion adjustment through passive reprogramming.
  • To showcase devices that operate with minimal computational resources.

Main Methods:

  • Harnessing multistability to sequence degrees of freedom.
  • Utilizing mechanical stimuli from environmental interactions for passive reprogramming.
  • Constructing a mass-sorting mechanism and a four-degree-of-freedom obstacle-avoiding robot.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a mechanism that passively sorts objects by mass.
  • Developed a robot capable of autonomous obstacle avoidance.
  • Showcased devices operating without traditional computational architectures and using a single linear actuator.

Conclusions:

  • Multistability provides a viable method for passive reprogramming of mechanism motion.
  • Physically intelligent mechanisms can achieve autonomous behaviors with minimal resources.
  • This approach offers a new paradigm for designing intelligent robotic systems.