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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Heterotopic Auxiliary Whole Liver Rat Transplant Model Utilizing a Hepaticoureterostomy for Allograft Rejection Studies
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Immunological Rejection in a Heterotopic Rat Liver Transplant Model.

Camryn Thompson1, Bret Verhoven2, Min Zhang1

  • 1Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.

Transplantation Proceedings
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new heterotopic liver transplant (LT) model in rats reduces surgical stress and effectively characterizes rejection. This model shows severe allogeneic rejection, comparable to the standard orthotopic LT approach.

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Area of Science:

  • Transplantation immunology
  • Surgical innovation
  • Animal models in research

Background:

  • Orthotopic liver transplant (LT) models in rats are technically demanding and stressful for animals.
  • A novel heterotopic LT model was developed to simplify surgery and reduce post-operative stress.
  • This model allows for the characterization of rejection in genetically mismatched rat pairs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and validate a less invasive heterotopic liver transplant model in rats.
  • To assess the feasibility of using this model to study transplant rejection.
  • To compare rejection timelines with the established orthotopic LT model.

Main Methods:

  • Syngeneic and allogeneic rat liver transplants were performed using a heterotopic technique.
  • Donor livers were transplanted into the abdominal cavity following a left nephrectomy.
  • Graft rejection was evaluated using the Banff rejection activity index (RAI) at set time points.

Main Results:

  • Technical errors and thrombosis were observed early in both syngeneic and allogeneic transplants.
  • Syngeneic transplants showed no signs of rejection (mean RAI 0).
  • Allogeneic transplants exhibited mild rejection by day 3 (mean RAI 4.5) and severe rejection by day 8 (mean RAI 9).

Conclusions:

  • Heterotopic LT in rats is a viable model that simplifies surgical procedures and minimizes animal distress.
  • This model effectively demonstrates severe allogeneic rejection.
  • The rejection timeline in the heterotopic model mirrors that of the orthotopic LT model.