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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...

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Related Experiment Video

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Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice
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A Compact Implantable Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Antenna for Biotelemetry and Sensing Applications.

Jamel Smida1,2, Mohamed Karim Azizi2,3, Anandh Sam Chandra Bose1

  • 1College of Applied Science, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 19, 2025
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Summary

A novel implantable multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna sensor was developed for early tumor detection in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This miniaturized device offers high channel capacity and stable performance for biomedical implants.

Keywords:
antenna sensorgainimplantable antennatumor

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases, particularly cancers, are a leading cause of global mortality.
  • Early tumor detection is crucial for reducing mortality rates associated with GI diseases.
  • Existing diagnostic tools may lack the ability for continuous internal monitoring and high-data-rate communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate an implantable multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna sensor for detecting tumors within the GI tract.
  • To achieve miniaturization for compatibility with implantable devices.
  • To ensure high communication performance alongside sensing capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a miniaturized implantable MIMO antenna sensor with two elements operating at 915 MHz.
  • Utilized meandered resonating structures and a high-permittivity substrate for size reduction.
  • Employed a specific gap and a bottom slot for antenna decoupling and isolation enhancement.

Main Results:

  • The sensor achieved a compact volume of 12.25 mm³.
  • Demonstrated stable radiation performance with a gain of -26.2 dBi and high isolation (>28.7 dB).
  • Achieved a channel capacity of 8.75 bps/Hz at SNR = 20 dB, indicating effective communication and sensing.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed implantable MIMO antenna sensor effectively integrates high-data-rate communication and internal sensing capabilities.
  • Its stable performance and miniaturized design make it suitable for advanced biomedical implants.
  • The sensor's ability to detect changes in tissue permittivity enables early tumor identification in the GI tract.