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Smart Underwater Sensor Network GPRS Architecture for Marine Environments.

Blanca Esther Carvajal-Gámez¹, Uriel Cedeño-Antunez¹, Abigail Elizabeth Pallares-Calvo¹

¹Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanza-das, Mexico City 07340, Mexico.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 19, 2025

Summary

This study presents a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) wireless sensor network architecture for underwater Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed system enhances network coverage and minimizes energy consumption for aquatic monitoring.

Keywords:

internet of things marine sensor network mobile architecture wireless communication

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Area of Science:

Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
Marine Science

Background:

The Internet of Things (IoT) enables new communication paradigms like underwater IoT (UIoT).
UIoT facilitates the interconnection and monitoring of marine assets, including vessels, marine life, and environmental sensors.
Aquatic sensor networks face challenges like limited bandwidth, propagation distance, and data transmission delays.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and evaluate a novel architecture for a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) wireless sensor network tailored for underwater environments.
To enhance network coverage and optimize energy efficiency for aquatic monitoring applications.
To address the limitations of current aquatic mobile sensor nodes.

Main Methods:

Development of an integrated architecture combining cellular technology and ad hoc network configurations within a single device.
Implementation of a GPRS wireless sensor network for monitoring geographic positions in the Gulf of Mexico's coastal area.
Evaluation of network coverage using a proposed channel model analyzing signal attenuation.
Assessment of energy consumption by examining the electronic system's autonomy.

Main Results:

The proposed architecture successfully integrates cellular and ad hoc networking, improving network coverage.
Energy consumption was maintained at acceptable levels without significant impact.
The system demonstrated effective geographic positioning monitoring in the coastal Gulf of Mexico.

Conclusions:

The developed GPRS wireless sensor network architecture offers a viable solution for improving underwater IoT communication.
The integration strategy effectively balances enhanced coverage with energy efficiency for aquatic sensor networks.
This approach supports persistent remote monitoring and surveillance in marine environments.