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High-Precision Interferometric Measurements of Gas Refractive Index Using Homodyne Detection.

Yanan Miao1, Fang Xie1, Wentao Feng1

  • 1Department of Physics, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Balanced homodyne detection was applied to gas sensing, enabling high-precision air refractive index measurement. This noncontact technique offers superior sensitivity and stability for dynamic monitoring.

Keywords:
Mach–Zehnder interferometryair refractive indexgas sensinghomodyne detection

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum metrology
  • Optical sensing
  • Interferometry

Background:

  • Balanced homodyne detection is a low-noise, anti-interference technique used in quantum metrology.
  • Gas sensing and measurement require high-precision techniques for accurate analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply balanced homodyne detection to gas sensing.
  • To achieve high-precision measurement of the refractive index of air using this technique.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a Mach-Zehnder interferometer utilizing balanced homodyne detection.
  • Employed stabilized environmental conditions (25 °C, 100.08 kPa, 30% RH) for measurement.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 99% interference efficiency and 40 dB common-mode rejection ratio.
  • Experimentally measured the refractive index of air as n=1.0002711 with a minimum standard deviation of 1×10-7.
  • Demonstrated dynamic monitoring of optical phase changes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed balanced homodyne detection technique provides high sensitivity, stability, and noncontact measurement capabilities for gas sensing.
  • The method is applicable to dynamic sensing and measurement of gas, liquid, and biological sample refractive indices.