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Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy DIHM of Weakly-scattering Subjects
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Digital Domain TDI-CMOS Imaging Based on Minimum Search Domain Alignment.

Han Liu1,2, Shuping Tao1, Qinping Feng1

  • 1Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.

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|September 19, 2025
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This study introduces a digital domain Time Delay and Integration (TDI) CMOS dynamic imaging method. It enhances alignment speed and accuracy for low-contrast images, significantly improving overall imaging quality.

Keywords:
image alignmentimage motion computational modelsubpixeltime delay integration

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Area of Science:

  • Digital imaging and signal processing
  • CMOS sensor technology
  • Dynamic imaging systems

Background:

  • Accurate image alignment is crucial for dynamic imaging, especially with Time Delay and Integration (TDI) CMOS sensors.
  • Low-contrast and dark imaging conditions present significant challenges for feature matching and motion estimation.
  • Image motion and platform jitter degrade the quality of captured dynamic imagery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust digital domain TDI-CMOS dynamic imaging method.
  • To enhance the alignment speed and accuracy of images acquired under challenging low-contrast and dark conditions.
  • To mitigate the impact of image motion and spatial camera jitter on imaging quality.

Main Methods:

  • A five-step digital domain TDI-CMOS dynamic imaging method based on minimum search domain alignment.
  • Optimization of search box size and position using image motion compensation and satellite platform jitter models.
  • Feature pair matching within optimized search boxes, followed by kernel density estimation for displacement probability.
  • Digital domain alignment and superposition of frames for TDI accumulation.

Main Results:

  • Greatly improved alignment speed and accuracy for dark and low-contrast images.
  • Effective mitigation of image motion and spatial camera jitter effects.
  • Fitted global image motion error maintained below 0.01 pixels.
  • Improved Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) coefficient to 0.68.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed digital domain TDI-CMOS method significantly enhances dynamic imaging performance.
  • The method successfully addresses challenges in aligning low-contrast and dark images.
  • The technique effectively reduces motion and jitter artifacts, leading to superior imaging quality.