Longitudinal dynamic characteristics of ecosystem services and its response to natural and anthropogenic interactions...

Exploring the driving factors of ecosystem function in ecologically fragile areas has become a key issue in promoting ecological sustainable development. This study quantifies the evolution of ecosystem service supply (ESV) in response to land use/land cover (LULC) changes in Southwest China's purple soil region (SWP), a typical water erosion area, from 1985 to 2020. Influencing factors are analyzed using land use transition matrix, intensity analysis, hot-cold spot analysis and geodetector. A few important findings were as follows: (1) The land use transfer intensity showed an obvious cliff-like decline from 1995 to 2000. At the turning point of 2000, the dominant transformation mode shifted from "mainly farmland to forestland" to "mainly farmland to construction land". (2) The ESV exhibited a yearly increasing trend, and the quantified value of the increase was about 21.122 billion yuan from 1985 to 2020, primarily influenced by the expansion of forestland areas. (3) Forestland was the most sensitive land type to ESV changes. LULC directly influenced ESV, while the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) was the key indirect factor, followed by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The interactions between TWI, NDVI, and other factors significantly enhanced their impact on ecosystem service values compared to individual factors alone. The findings hold great significance for refining global theories regarding performance and sustainable development of ecosystem services, and can contribute scientific planning evidence for maximizing the functional value and sustainability of the ecosystem in the region.