Integrated approaches for managing soil salinization: Detection, mitigation, and sustainability.

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Environmental Science
• Remote Sensing

Background:

• Soil salinization is a growing threat to agriculture and ecosystems, worsened by climate change and poor land management.
• Current small-scale studies are insufficient; large-scale monitoring and mitigation are essential.
• Salinity stress severely impacts plant physiology, reducing crop yields.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review integrated strategies for monitoring, managing, and mitigating soil salinization.
• To highlight the role of advanced technologies and agricultural practices.
• To provide a comprehensive overview for affected regions.

Main Methods:

• Integration of satellite, drone, and remote sensing technologies with GIS for large-scale salinity assessment.
• Application of machine learning algorithms for dynamic monitoring and predictive modeling.
• Review of agricultural management (fertilization, irrigation) and soil remediation techniques.

Main Results:

• Advanced technologies enable extensive and dynamic monitoring of soil salinization.
• Optimized irrigation (e.g., deficit drip irrigation with saline water) and fertilization (N, P, K) enhance yield stability.
• Remediation strategies like improved drainage, chemical amendments, phytoremediation, and genetic engineering are vital.

Conclusions:

• An integrated approach combining advanced detection, optimized management, and remediation is effective for mitigating soil salinization.
• These strategies improve soil health and sustain agricultural productivity in saline-affected areas.
• Careful management of saline water irrigation is crucial to prevent salt accumulation.