Gut Microbiota in the Canine Neonate: Role, Early Colonization, and Shaping

The gut colonization in the dog is particularly intense in the first days after birth. Optimal gut microbiota development enables the newborn to digest carbohydrates and proteins, produce vitamins, and develop immunity. When colonization is disrupted (cesarean section, bottle-feeding, or neonatal illness) the gut microbiota is altered, potentially leading to long-term health consequences. Preventing gut dysbiosis is essential and can be supported through dam selection, neonatal intake of maternal colostrum, minimizing antimicrobial use, and maternal supplementation with yeasts. However, further research is needed to better characterize the bacterial taxa essential for optimal neonatal development and good health in adulthood.