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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
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Periodontitis Leads to Systemic Bone Loss through Neutrophil Reprogramming.

K Martin1, R Dabaja1,2, M J Mianecki3

  • 1Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|September 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periodontitis causes sex-specific bone loss in mice, with females experiencing sustained tibial bone loss driven by neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This highlights a potential mechanism linking periodontitis to systemic bone diseases like osteoporosis.

Keywords:
bone biologyextracellular trapsgender differencesinflammationneutrophil biologyperiodontal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Oral biology
  • Immunology
  • Bone biology

Background:

  • Periodontitis is a chronic oral inflammatory disease causing alveolar bone loss.
  • Systemic diseases like osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes can worsen periodontitis.
  • These chronic conditions exhibit sex-specific prevalence and effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-specific changes in long bone during periodontitis.
  • To identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying periodontitis-induced bone loss.

Main Methods:

  • Periodontitis was induced in male and female C57BL/6J mice using silk sutures.
  • Tibias were analyzed using micro-computed tomography, flow cytometry, and proteomics.
  • Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) generation was assessed using Padi4-deficient mice.

Main Results:

  • Female mice showed sustained trabecular and cortical bone loss up to 21 days.
  • Male mice recovered from initial bone loss by day 7.
  • Increased neutrophil response, NET formation, and reactive oxygen species were linked to bone loss, particularly in females.
  • Padi4 deficiency (inhibiting NETs) prevented bone loss during periodontitis.

Conclusions:

  • Periodontitis induces sex-specific bone loss, with females exhibiting a more severe phenotype.
  • Neutrophil-driven NET formation is a key mechanism in periodontitis-associated bone loss.
  • This mechanism may explain the higher prevalence of osteoporosis in women and its link to periodontitis.