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Updated: Jan 17, 2026
Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
Published on: March 29, 2022
Effect of Ocular Magnification Correction on Measurements of Macula Ganglion Cell Complex in Myopic Children
Rachel S Chong1, Bryan Sim2, Hla Myint Htoon3
1From the Singapore National Eye Centre (R.S.C., B.S., A.C.), Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute (R.S.C., H.H., A.C.), Singapore; Eye Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School (R.S.C., H.H., A.C.), Singapore.
Purpose:
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging in myopic eyes may be influenced by measurement error from axial length-induced magnification effects. We studied the effects of magnification correction on ganglion cell complex (GCL++) thickness in myopic children.
Design:
Clinical cohort.
Subjects:
Children aged 7 to 16 years in a myopic clinic.
Methods:
Data collected included age, gender, race, cycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL), keratometry (K), intraocular pressure (IOP), cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), optic disc tilt, peripapillary atrophy (PPA) and OCT macula scans from the right eye. GCL++ thickness in the central, inner and outer superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants was measured with or without adjustments for ocular magnification using the Littmann-Bennett formula.
Results:
492 subjects, comprising 46.7% male and 91.8% Chinese with an average age of 10.3 ± 1.6 years were included in the study. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -4.43 ± 2.24D, and AL was 25.04 ± 1.05 mm. Multivariate analysis showed unadjusted and adjusted GCL++ thickening in older age; in the central and inner quadrants in males; and in the outer temporal quadrant in Chinese children. Central unadjusted and adjusted GCL++ were also thicker with decreased SE, flatter K and increased AL. In other quadrants, unadjusted GCL++ was thinner with decreasing SE and increasing AL in all but the nasal quadrant. Adjusted values were thicker with decreased SE, flatter K, and increasing AL (P ≤ .001 for all). IOP, CDR, optic disc tilt, PPA and myopia treatment had no effect on GCL++.
Discussion:
Ocular magnification correction of OCT-measured retinal layer thickness using adjustments for axial length suggests increasing myopia is associated with thickening of the ganglion cell complex in children.
