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Genetically modified Crops: Balancing safety, sustainability, and global security.

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Genetically modified (GM) crops are safe for health and environment, with global adoption expanding. Harmonized regulations and transparent communication are crucial for future food security and innovation.

Keywords:
Environmental riskGenetically modified cropsPublic perceptionRegulatory frameworksSafety assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Regulatory Science

Background:

  • Genetically modified (GM) crops are a significant agricultural technology.
  • Global regulatory frameworks and public perception vary widely.
  • Technological advancements like CRISPR-Cas9 are rapidly evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the safety assessment of GM crops.
  • To analyze regulatory frameworks, health and environmental impacts, and public perception.
  • To identify challenges and opportunities for GM crop adoption and innovation.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of peer-reviewed studies (2016-2025).
  • Analysis of regulatory approaches in the EU, USA, and globally.
  • Evaluation of empirical evidence on health and environmental safety.
  • Assessment of technological advances and public acceptance factors.

Main Results:

  • Approved GM crops demonstrate consistent safety for human health and the environment.
  • Regulatory frameworks show significant global variability, impacting innovation and trade.
  • Genome editing technologies offer precision but face regulatory uncertainty.
  • Public acceptance varies regionally, influenced by risk perception and trust.

Conclusions:

  • GM crops are a mature biotechnology with potential for food security.
  • Harmonized, science-based regulations are needed to balance innovation, safety, and public trust.
  • Enhanced long-term risk assessment and inclusive governance are essential.