Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Distinct post-insemination dynamics between fresh and frozen-derived gametes using testicular sperm.

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics·2025

Same author

Investigating neuroanatomical correlates of neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis: A pilot comparative study using advanced MRI techniques.

Revue neurologique·2025

Same author

Role of viral coinfection in post-pandemic invasive Group A streptococcal infections in adults, a nation-wide cohort study (iGASWISS).

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·2025

Same author

Antibacterial effect, antiadherence, and antiacidogenicity properties of a dental varnish containing silver nanoparticles: an in vitro study.

European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry·2025

Same author

Serum neurofilament light as a potential marker of illness duration in bipolar disorder.

Journal of affective disorders·2024

Same author

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for typing of vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>: performance analysis and outbreak investigation.

Microbiology spectrum·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation

Published on: October 25, 2024

Gut-derived metabolites drive Th17 cell pathogenicity in multiple sclerosis.

J Rebeaud¹, S Vigne¹, V Bressoud¹

¹Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Center for Research in Neuroscience and Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

|September 21, 2025

Summary

Gut bacteria metabolites influence multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. Indole-3-carboxylate (I3CA), a gut microbe product, exacerbates EAE in mice and correlates with MS severity in humans, suggesting therapeutic targets.

Keywords:

CP: Metabolism CP: Neuroscience Th17 lymphocytes blood biomarker experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis gut-brain axis indole derivatives microbiota-derived metabolites multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation

More Related Videos

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation

Published on: October 25, 2024

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Microbiome research
Metabolomics

Background:

The gut-brain axis is increasingly recognized for its role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis.
Mechanisms linking the gut environment to MS and therapeutic strategies remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how the gut environment, specifically microbiota-derived metabolites, influences the pathogenicity of myelin-specific Th17 cells in the context of MS.

Main Methods:

Utilized the adoptive Th17 cell transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model.
Administered antibiotics to disrupt the intestinal microbiome and analyzed fecal filtrates.
Performed fecal metabolomic profiling and oral supplementation with indole-3-carboxylate (I3CA).
Assessed disease severity in mice and correlated I3CA levels with neurofilament light chain in persons with MS (PwMS).

Main Results:

Antibiotic treatment reduced pathogenic Th17 cell signatures in the colon.
Fecal filtrates enhanced myelin-specific Th17 cell encephalitogenic properties in vitro and in vivo.
Identified altered tryptophan-derived metabolites, notably I3CA, in fecal samples.
Oral I3CA supplementation accelerated EAE development in mice.
Elevated blood I3CA levels in PwMS correlated with increased disease severity and serum neurofilament light chain.

Conclusions:

Microbiota-derived metabolites play a critical role in gut-mediated neuroinflammation relevant to MS.
Indole-3-carboxylate (I3CA) emerges as a key metabolite influencing disease pathogenicity.
These findings offer potential therapeutic avenues targeting the gut-brain axis for MS management.