Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastrointestinal malignancies: Current state and future perspectives

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Surgical Oncology
• Endoscopy

Background:

• Early gastrointestinal (GI) cancers require effective, organ-preserving treatments.
• Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a key minimally invasive therapeutic option.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review indications, techniques, and outcomes of ESD for early GI cancers.
• To discuss challenges, complications, and future advancements in ESD.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
• Analysis of procedural advancements and technical considerations.
• Evaluation of outcomes, including safety and efficacy.

Main Results:

• ESD enables en bloc resection of early GI neoplastic lesions.
• It preserves organ function and reduces the need for radical surgery.
• Skilled ESD improves diagnostic clarity and patient survival rates.

Conclusions:

• ESD is a cornerstone for managing early esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers.
• Novel techniques and adjunctive therapies are enhancing ESD's safety and efficacy.
• ESD offers a promising option for organ preservation and long-term survival in GI cancer patients.