Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

1.2K
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
1.2K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

831
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
831
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.2K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.2K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

902
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
902
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

1.4K
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Thalamocortical seizure onset patterns in drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Ultrafast oscillations in the human brain and their functional significance.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Overnight sleep features and next-morning brain metabolism in older adults.

Sleep medicine·2026
Same author

Kainic acid pig model of hippocampal epilepsy.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Pulvinar Subregions Influence Select Cortical Pathways in Humans.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Widening participation in the International League Against Epilepsy: Looking to the future.

Epilepsia open·2026
Same journal

Value of synaptic proteins as biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

Inflammatory alterations mediate tau-associated neurodegeneration.

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

Beyond motor neurons: peripheral TDP-43 pathology in skeletal muscle and intramuscular nerves in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

Epilepsy and exercise: a narrative review on the crucial role of neurosteroids in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission.

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

Evolutionary implications of <i>NOTCH2NLC</i> mutations: brain structural changes in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease revealed by comprehensive morphometry.

Brain communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
09:32

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

12.9K

Thalamocortical network neuromodulation for epilepsy.

Shruti Agashe1,2, Juan Luis Alcala-Zermeno1,3, Gamaleldin M Osman1,4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Brain Communications
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Network-guided neuromodulation for epilepsy using a four-lead system significantly reduced seizures and improved quality of life in seven patients. This thalamocortical stimulation approach demonstrated safety and efficacy, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
cortical stimulationdeep brain stimulation

More Related Videos

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
08:23

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Published on: November 13, 2016

11.7K
Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
09:49

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
09:32

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

12.9K
A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
08:23

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Published on: November 13, 2016

11.7K
Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
09:49

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Growing interest in network-guided neuromodulation for epilepsy.
  • Existing uncertainty regarding the safety and long-term efficacy of thalamocortical stimulation.
  • Need for evaluation of novel neuromodulation systems in diverse seizure networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a four-lead open-loop implantable pulse generator for thalamocortical network neuromodulation in epilepsy patients.
  • To assess seizure reduction, severity, life satisfaction, and sleep quality.
  • To investigate the role of intracranial EEG trial stimulation in optimizing treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of seven epilepsy patients undergoing thalamocortical neuromodulation with a four-lead system targeting thalamic and cortical seizure nodes.
  • Assessment of seizure frequency, severity, life satisfaction, and sleep quality using standardized scales and interviews.
  • Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon sign-rank test to determine outcome significance.

Main Results:

  • A median 93% reduction in disabling seizures (P=0.0156) with a 100% responder rate (≥50% reduction) after a median of 17 months.
  • Significant median improvements observed in seizure severity (3.5 points, P=0.0312) and life satisfaction (4.5 points, P=0.0312).
  • No perioperative complications; transient side effects resolved with adjustments. Six patients had permanent electrode placement refined by intracranial EEG, with five showing >90% seizure reduction during trials.

Conclusions:

  • Thalamocortical network neuromodulation with a four-lead open-loop system is safe and effective for improving seizure control and patient quality of life.
  • Intracranial EEG trial stimulation shows promise for enhancing network engagement and parameter optimization.
  • Prospective controlled trials are necessary to further validate efficacy and characterize the side-effect profile.