A Scoping Review of Interventions and Outcomes for Postpartum Mothers

The recommendation to breastfeed is based on its numerous benefits. Challenges in breastfeeding success involve both the mother and baby. Immediate skin-to-skin contact after birth helps the baby learn to suckle naturally. This review aims to explore breastfeeding interventions and outcomes throughout the breastfeeding journey.

The research employed a scoping review methodology to assess breastfeeding interventions and outcomes in postpartum mothers. The scoping review followed Arksey and O'Mallee's (2005) methodological framework, and the literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Duplicate articles were removed, and the remaining articles published between 2000 and 2023 were reviewed by multiple authors to ensure alignment with the established criteria.

Twenty-four articles of the review regarding breastfeeding interventions encompass nutritional support for mothers, maternal massage, education, and relaxation techniques. As for the outcomes associated with breastfeeding, the review examined factors such as milk production, postpartum comfort, breastfeeding support, self-efficacy in breastfeeding, breastfeeding knowledge, duration of breastfeeding, breastfeeding success, and maternal stress levels.

This scoping review highlights the potential benefits of maternal massage and educational interventions for improving breastfeeding outcomes in postpartum mothers. Practical applications could include offering maternal massage services or training, comprehensive breastfeeding education programs focused on skills, knowledge, and self-efficacy, and tailored support for mothers facing low milk supply or breastfeeding challenges. Future research should optimize such interventions' timing, delivery methods, and cultural adaptations across diverse breastfeeding populations.