Bioactive coating with clindamycin, VEGF-165, and TGF-β1 for supporting bone tissue regeneration

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• The demand for advanced biomaterials in implantable devices and regenerative medicine is increasing.
• Bioactive coatings offer a promising strategy to enhance the functionality of existing implant materials.
• Developing cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods for creating these coatings is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an eco-friendly and cost-effective bioactive coating for bone tissue regeneration.
• To incorporate therapeutic agents, including an antibiotic and growth factors, into the coating.
• To evaluate the physicochemical properties and *in vivo* bone integration of the developed coating.

Main Methods:

• A composite bioactive coating was synthesized using polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxyapatite (HAp), collagen (COL), and glutathione (GSH).
• The coating's ability to release clindamycin, vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF-165), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was assessed.
• Physicochemical properties were evaluated, and *in vivo* integration was studied in a rat skull bone defect model.

Main Results:

• The coating successfully released approximately 30% of VEGF-165 and TGF-β1 within 24 hours, achieving therapeutic doses.
• Significant promotion of mineralization at the injury site was observed in the *in vivo* study.
• The composite coating demonstrated good *in vivo* integration with natural bone tissue.

Conclusions:

• The developed bioactive coating shows potential for supporting bone tissue regeneration through synergistic protein effects.
• The controlled release of growth factors (VEGF-165 and TGF-β1) is key to promoting mineralization.
• Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the long-term efficacy and applications of this biomaterial.