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Surface Energy-Confined Multi-Layer Inkjet Printing for Customizable Optical Microstructures.

Kaixuan Li1,2, Xiao Deng2, Wanling Liu2,3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new inkjet printing method for creating custom 3D optical microstructures. This advance enables precise control over microdome size, shape, and optical properties for advanced imaging systems.

Area of Science:

  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Inkjet printing is a versatile additive manufacturing technique for optical microstructures.
  • Fabrication of 3D microstructures is limited by ink-substrate wetting conditions, hindering morphology control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel inkjet printing strategy for precise fabrication of curved optical microstructures.
  • To enable tunable size, solid angle, and configuration of 3D microstructures.

Main Methods:

  • A surface energy-confined multi-layer inkjet printing strategy was developed.
  • Layer-by-layer printing on pre-patterned substrates with defined interfacial energy barriers.
  • Fabrication of optical microdomes with controlled morphology and sub-nanometer surface roughness.
Keywords:
curved optical microstructurecustomizable fabricationencryptionimagingmicro‐3D inkjet printing

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Main Results:

  • Precisely fabricated curved optical microdomes with tunable dimensions and diverse topologies (triangular to hexagonal).
  • Demonstrated light-field manipulation capabilities and multifocal characteristics.
  • Extended methodology to nanomaterial-based micro-3D printing, including colloidal photonic crystals.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy allows for high-throughput, customizable fabrication of 3D optical microstructures.
  • The microdomes show potential for miniaturized optical systems and intelligent imaging.
  • A multidimensional encryption platform was demonstrated as a proof-of-concept.