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    Area of Science:

    • Robotics
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Optics

    Background:

    • Artificial eyes are crucial for humanoid robots and eye-tracking accuracy.
    • Existing artificial eyes struggle to replicate rapid human eye movements like saccades.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose novel artificial eyes with microsaccadic motion, retroreflective bright pupils, and optical gaze visualization.
    • To overcome limitations of conventional artificial eyes in reproducing fast eye movements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a high-speed galvano motor for eye rotation.
    • Employed a sand-surface plano-convex lens and retroreflective material for bright pupil reproduction.
    • Integrated a laser light source and prism mirror on the rotational axis for optical gaze visualization.

    Main Results:

    • Confirmed high-quality bright pupil appearance and effective gaze visualization.
    • Quantitatively evaluated the responsiveness of microsaccadic motion.
    • Demonstrated successful gaze measurement and microsaccade detection using a commercial eye tracker.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed artificial eyes successfully replicate microsaccadic motion and bright pupil effects.
    • The optical gaze visualization method is effective and lightweight.
    • The artificial eyes show significant potential for advancing humanoid robotics and eye-tracking systems.