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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

228
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

526
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
526
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

188
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
188
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

238
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
238
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

783
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
783
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

197
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
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Published on: September 30, 2020

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DELIRIUM IN THE ELDERLY.

Giovanni Briganti1

  • 1Department of Computational Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.

Psychiatria Danubina
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delirium in older adults is a serious condition caused by vulnerability and stress. Non-pharmacological interventions are key for prevention and treatment, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Confusion Assessment Methodantipsychoticscognitive impairmentdeliriumdementiaelderlyfrailtyfunctional declinehospitalizationprevention

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Neuropsychiatry
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Delirium is a common, serious neuropsychiatric syndrome in older adults.
  • It leads to adverse outcomes like mortality, functional decline, and cognitive impairment.
  • Understanding its pathophysiology, risk factors, and management is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on delirium in elderly patients.
  • To synthesize information on pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis.
  • To highlight effective management strategies and the need for integrated protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge.
  • Analysis of pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic tools (e.g., CAM, 4AT) and interventions.

Main Results:

  • Delirium results from interactions between vulnerabilities and precipitants, causing cerebral dysfunction.
  • Diagnostic tools improve detection, but challenges exist for hypoactive delirium and patients with dementia.
  • Multicomponent non-pharmacological interventions are the most effective strategies.
  • Pharmacological treatment is reserved for severe behavioral disturbances.

Conclusions:

  • Delirium is a critical indicator of systemic decompensation in older adults.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions are vital for prevention and treatment.
  • Integrating delirium screening and prevention into hospital protocols is essential for better outcomes.