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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Author Spotlight: Advanced Ex Vivo Model for Investigating Cancer-Adipose Microenvironment Interaction
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Ovarian Cancer: Many Diseases Under One Name.

Clifton P Titcomb

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    |September 22, 2025
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Ovarian cancer, a common gynecologic malignancy, often presents at advanced stages due to limited screening. Early detection and specialized treatment are crucial for improving survival rates, especially for less common subtypes.

    Keywords:
    BRCA1 and BRCA2Epithelial ovarian tumorsborderline ovarian carcinomacancer antigen-125 (CA-125)carcinosarcomaendometroid carcinomafallopian tube cancergerm cell tumorshereditary nonpolyposis coli/HNOCC/Lynch syndromehigh-grade serous carcinomahuman epididymis secretory protein-4 (HE-4)low-grade serous carcinomaprimary cancer of the peritoneumprimary mucinous carcinomasex cord - stromal tumors

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    Quantitation of Intra-peritoneal Ovarian Cancer Metastasis
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    Area of Science:

    • Gynecologic Oncology
    • Cancer Biology

    Background:

    • Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer and leading cause of death in the US.
    • High-grade serous epithelial tumors constitute 70-80% of ovarian cancers.
    • Family history and genetic mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2) increase ovarian cancer risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ovarian cancer.
    • To highlight challenges in early detection and the impact of tumor subtypes on survival.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of epidemiological data and clinical presentation of ovarian cancer.
    • Description of diagnostic procedures including tissue sampling and surgical staging.
    • Overview of treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and surgery.

    Main Results:

    • Most ovarian cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages due to lack of effective screening.
    • Treatment often involves debulking surgery and combination chemotherapy.
    • Mortality rates are high for common histotypes but better for less common subtypes.

    Conclusions:

    • Ovarian cancer remains a significant health challenge with high mortality, particularly for advanced-stage disease.
    • Survival outcomes are influenced by tumor type, stage, and grade.
    • Specialized gynecologic oncology care is essential for diagnosis and management.