3D Tetrametallic Dendrite-Based Non-Enzymatic Sensor Coupled with a Smartphone Interface for GSH Quantification in...

Area of Science:

• Nanomaterials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Biomedical Sensing

Background:

• Enzyme-based biosensors face limitations in stability and cost.
• Metallic dendrites offer large surface areas and catalytic activity for sensing.
• Glutathione (GSH) is a critical biomarker for oxidative stress and various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a stable, 3D tetrametallic dendritic non-enzymatic sensing platform for sensitive glutathione (GSH) detection.
• To provide an efficient alternative to traditional enzyme-based systems for GSH quantification.
• To integrate the sensor with smartphone technology for on-site, automated diagnostics.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of a tetrametallic dendritic nanostructure.
• Fabrication of a non-enzymatic sensor using the synthesized dendrites.
• Electrochemical detection of GSH in various biological samples (serum, plasma, liver homogenate).
• Integration of the sensor with a smartphone for data analysis and point-of-care application.

Main Results:

• The tetrametallic dendrite sensor exhibited a wide linearity range (0.05–200,000 nM) and a low detection limit (0.02 nM) for GSH.
• High recovery rates (91.17%–99.73%) were achieved for GSH detection in human serum samples.
• The sensor successfully monitored GSH depletion in a diquat-induced oxidative stress rat model.
• Rapid on-chip fabrication (15 min) and smartphone integration enabled automated data processing and on-site analysis.

Conclusions:

• The developed tetrametallic dendritic sensor is a highly sensitive and stable non-enzymatic platform for GSH detection.
• The sensor shows significant potential for diagnosing oxidative stress-related conditions and for point-of-care diagnostics.
• Smartphone integration facilitates automated, on-site monitoring of GSH levels, offering a promising tool for clinical applications.