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System calibration for single-wavelength multi-terabit mode-division multiplexing free-space optical communication

Yiming Li, Gil Fernandes, David Benton

    Optics Express
    |September 23, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces an optical calibration strategy for free-space optical communication systems using Hermite-Gaussian modes. It achieves a record 4.49 Tbit/s/λ data rate by minimizing crosstalk and signal distortion.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Free-Space Optics
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is crucial for increasing free-space optical communication capacity.
    • Inter-mode crosstalk is a significant challenge in MDM systems, limiting performance.
    • Accurate optical calibration is essential for reliable MDM system operation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel optical calibration strategy for a single-wavelength MDM MIMO free-space optical communication system.
    • To minimize inter-mode crosstalk and signal distortions in the system.
    • To maximize the achievable information rate (AIR) of the communication system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized 6 Hermite-Gaussian modes for the MDM MIMO system.
    • Employed higher-order modes at the receiver for optical setup calibration.
    • Implemented Volterra pre-distortion to minimize signal distortions for 80 GBaud signals.
    • Transmitted probabilistically-shaped 256-QAM signals.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a record-high AIR of 4.49 Tbit/s/λ.
    • Successfully minimized inter-mode crosstalk through the proposed calibration strategy.
    • Demonstrated effective signal distortion mitigation using Volterra pre-distortion.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed optical calibration strategy significantly enhances the performance of MDM MIMO free-space optical communication systems.
    • The system demonstrates a record-breaking data rate, paving the way for future high-capacity optical wireless communication.
    • Optimized signal processing techniques and mode utilization are key to overcoming limitations in free-space optical communications.