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    |September 23, 2025
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study compares mid-infrared quantum cascade and interband cascade lasers for high-precision sensing. It analyzes their intensity noise, crucial for shot-noise-limited operations in advanced quantum optics applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Semiconductor Lasers
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Laser intensity noise limits sensitivity in sensing and telecommunications.
    • Shot-noise-limited local oscillators are vital for high-precision interferometric measurements.
    • Non-classical light state measurement in quantum optics relies on low-noise lasers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate and analyze intensity noise in mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and interband cascade lasers (ICLs).
    • Compare the performance of three continuous-wave (CW) semiconductor lasers around 4.5 µm.
    • Identify noise characteristics relevant to shot-noise-limited operation for advanced applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive electro-optical characterization of three CW lasers at room temperature.
    • Detailed intensity noise analysis to identify distinct noise behaviors.
    • Comparison focusing on shot-noise-limited performance.

    Main Results:

    • Electro-optical characterization revealed both unique and common features of the tested QCLs and ICLs.
    • Intensity noise analysis identified differing noise operations among the lasers.
    • Specific noise profiles were mapped with reference to shot-noise-limited benchmarks.

    Conclusions:

    • Mid-infrared QCLs and ICLs exhibit distinct intensity noise characteristics.
    • Understanding these noise features is critical for selecting lasers for shot-noise-limited applications.
    • The findings provide insights for advancing precision measurements in quantum optics and sensing.