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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum communication
    • Quantum cryptography
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Quantum information encoding in photonic time-bin states faces challenges in free-space communication.
    • Phase stabilization and channel turbulence hinder practical applications of distant quantum time-bin interferometers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel, reference frame-independent time-bin quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme.
    • To overcome limitations of active phase stabilization and multi-mode channels in quantum communication.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a passive, self-compensating time-bin quantum communication scheme.
    • Utilized hybrid polarization and time-bin entangled photons.
    • Avoided active mode filtering, adaptive optics, and active phase alignment.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a sustained asymptotic secure key rate > 0.07 bits/coincidence over a 15m multi-mode fiber channel.
    • Demonstrated entanglement correlations over a moving 38.5 dB loss free-space channel.
    • Showcased a system robust to spatial multi-mode and fluctuating channels.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel scheme simplifies time-bin encoding for quantum communication.
    • This approach is suitable for fluctuating channels and rapidly moving platforms like airborne and satellite systems.
    • Enables practical free-space quantum communication without active stabilization or mode filtering.