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Related Concept Videos

The Swing Equation01:21

The Swing Equation

The Swing Equation is a fundamental tool in power system dynamics, especially for analyzing the behavior of generating units like three-phase synchronous generators. This equation emerges from applying Newton's second law to the rotor of a generator, encompassing factors such as inertia, angular acceleration, and the interplay between mechanical and electrical torques.
In a steady-state operation, the mechanical torque (Τm) supplied to the generator is balanced by the electrical torque (Τe)...
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I01:15

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I

Consider an electrical power grid, where stability is essential to prevent blackouts. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is a valuable tool for assessing system stability under varying load conditions or faults. By analyzing the closed-loop transfer function, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion helps determine whether the system remains stable.
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Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand, use...
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Load-frequency control01:28

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Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
Bewley Lattice Diagram01:12

Bewley Lattice Diagram

The Bewley lattice diagram, developed by L. V. Bewley, effectively organizes the reflections occurring during transmission-line transients. It visually represents how voltage waves propagate and reflect within a transmission line, making it easier to understand the complex interactions that occur.

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Adjustable coupling-coefficient waveguide Bragg grating with doubly periodic structures.

Haocheng Huang, Yujun Guo, Tianyu Sun

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    |September 23, 2025
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Doubly periodic sidewall waveguide Bragg gratings offer enhanced control over coupling coefficients in photonic integrated circuits. This novel approach allows for precise adjustment, overcoming current limitations in grating methodologies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical engineering.
    • Integrated optics and waveguide devices.

    Background:

    • Waveguide Bragg gratings are crucial for photonic integrated circuits.
    • Current methods for controlling grating coupling coefficients are limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and investigate doubly periodic sidewall waveguide Bragg gratings.
    • To demonstrate a new method for adjusting coupling coefficients in photonic devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Designing doubly periodic gratings with different orders (m-th and 2m-th) on opposite waveguide sidewalls.
    • Systematically analyzing grating strength by varying corrugation offset.
    • Experimental fabrication and characterization of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) gratings.

    Main Results:

    • Doubly periodic gratings significantly adjust the coupling coefficient.
    • Grating strength is effectively controlled by corrugation offset.
    • Experimental results for 1st/2nd-order AlN gratings closely match simulations.

    Conclusions:

    • Doubly periodic sidewall Bragg gratings provide a powerful tool for tuning coupling coefficients.
    • This method offers improved design flexibility for photonic integrated circuits.
    • Experimental validation confirms the efficacy of the proposed grating structure.