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High efficiency polarization encoding using a single thermal and electro-optic TFLN-based chip for quantum key

Chunxue Zhang, Hanming Yang, Junchi Ma

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a compact hybrid chip for quantum key distribution (QKD) that enhances polarization encoding stability and scalability. The novel design achieves a high secure key rate, overcoming limitations of traditional QKD systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Integrated Photonics
    • Quantum Cryptography

    Background:

    • Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers unconditional security but faces challenges with polarization encoding stability.
    • Discrete optical components in mainstream QKD schemes lead to bulkiness and instability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a compact and stable polarization-encoding chip for QKD.
    • To overcome the limitations of conventional silicon-based modulators in QKD systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Hybrid integration of thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technologies.
    • Development of a compact architecture with a single thermal and electro-optic phase shifter.
    • Dynamic control of four polarization states (|R>, |A>, |L>, |D>) with high extinction ratios (>16.78 dB).

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of a polarization-encoding chip enabling dynamic control of four quantum states.
    • Achieved a secure key rate (SKR) of 328 kbps and a quantum bit error rate (QBER) of 1.96% at 100 MHz in a 10 km fiber QKD system.
    • The TFLN-SOI hybrid design avoids phase saturation and dynamic loss, enhancing stability and scalability compared to silicon-based carrier-depletion modulators (CDMs).

    Conclusions:

    • The TFLN-SOI hybrid chip represents a significant advancement for stable and scalable polarization-encoded QKD.
    • This integrated photonic approach overcomes key limitations, paving the way for practical QKD implementations.
    • The chip's performance demonstrates its potential for robust and high-speed quantum communication security.