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Analytical Study of Microtia Risk Factors in Indonesia
Jilvientasia Godive Lilihata1, Imaniar Fitri Aisyah2, Magda Rosalina Hutagalung1
1Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Summary
Microtia, a congenital ear condition, is more common in males and affects the right ear. Key risk factors include parental smoking, maternal health conditions, and lack of TORCH vaccination.
Area of Science:
- Medical Research
- Genetics
- Public Health
Background:
- Microtia is a congenital condition affecting ear development.
- Understanding its prevalence and risk factors is crucial for public health initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the characteristics and risk factors of microtia in Indonesia.
- To identify associations between microtia and factors like parental health, smoking, and vaccination history.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective, unmatched case-control study was conducted.
- Data from 354 microtia patients and 354 controls were collected via online questionnaires.
- Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were performed to identify risk factors.
Main Results:
- Microtia demonstrated a male predominance (78%) and was more frequent in the right ear (61.3%).
- Grade 3 microtia was the most common severity.
- Significant risk factors identified included maternal miscarriage/stillbirth, diabetes, hypertension, parental smoking, lack of TORCH vaccination, and family history.
Conclusions:
- Microtia in Indonesia aligns with global trends, characterized by male predominance and unilateral right-sided cases.
- Parental smoking, maternal comorbidities, inadequate TORCH vaccination, and genetic predisposition are significant risk factors.
- Public health strategies should focus on smoking cessation, prenatal care, and vaccination to mitigate microtia prevalence.
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