Medication Adherence Among Pilgrims with Chronic Diseases at Hajj 2024

BACKGROUND Data on the pattern of medication use among pilgrims during the Hajj can help pilgrims make informed decisions regarding safe and effective medication use. This study aimed to evaluate medication adherence and identify barriers among pilgrims with chronic diseases during Hajj 2024. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted over 1 month preceding the conclusion of the 2024 Hajj. Data collection was undertaken at departure terminals in Jeddah and Madina airports, using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire to gather information on demographics, disease prevalence and complications, medication adherence, regimen details, and barriers to medication use. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27, with a significance threshold set at P<0.05. RESULTS The chronic disease prevalence was 40.1% and polypharmacy was observed among 4.9% of the pilgrims. The study revealed that 61.8% of pilgrims take at least 1 medication for chronic conditions. Adherence rates varied, with 48.9% taking medications consistently, 21.1% never adhering, and 14.7% (n=100) taking them intermittently. Insufficient medication supply (25.7%) and forgetfulness (13.8%) were the primary reasons for non-adherence. Significant associations were found between age and medication usage, with younger pilgrims more likely to use single medications, and those aged 40 to 60 years more likely to use multiple medications (P=0.001). Education level was also linked to medication adherence (P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS The study identified a significant burden of chronic diseases and polypharmacy among pilgrims and found inconsistent medication adherence. Targeted interventions, including health education, medication access, and healthcare support, are crucial to improving health outcomes during mass gatherings.