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Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals ITGA2-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Crosstalk in Pediatric Thyroid

Zhi-Jun Zhan¹, Ning Li¹, Yan Sun¹

¹Department of General Surgery, XiangYa Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|September 23, 2025

Summary

Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PPTC) shows increased aggressiveness due to a unique ITGA2-high cell subpopulation. This subpopulation drives cancer growth and spread by boosting glycolysis and M2 macrophage polarization.

Keywords:

glycolysis heterogeneity landscape macrophages pediatric thyroid carcinoma

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Genomics

Background:

Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PPTC) incidence is rising, with greater aggressiveness than adult cases.
The underlying molecular drivers of PPTC's distinct pathobiology are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind PPTC's aggressive behavior.
To identify specific cellular subpopulations and pathways driving PPTC oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

Single-cell RNA sequencing of 90,234 transcriptomes from pediatric and adult papillary thyroid carcinoma specimens.
Integration of organoid models, in vivo functional validation, and multiplex immunohistochemistry.
Multi-omics characterization of PPTC cellular ecosystems.

Main Results:

Identification of a distinct ITGA2-high papillary thyroid carcinoma cell subpopulation driving PPTC.
Demonstration that ITGA2 promotes oncogenesis via enhanced glycolytic flux and M2 macrophage polarization.
Validation of findings across independent clinical cohorts, confirming translational significance.

Conclusions:

ITGA2-high cells are mechanistically responsible for PPTC's aggressive clinical behavior.
Targeting ITGA2-mediated pathways offers potential for improved diagnostics and therapeutics for PPTC.
This study provides a framework for understanding PPTC pathobiology and developing targeted treatments.