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Cardiometabolic factors related to post-COVID-19 conditions: a scoping review
João Cruz Neto1, Carlos Vinícius Fiuza Olivindo2, José Arthur Guimarães Dos Santos3
1Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. E-mail: enfjcncruz@gmail.com UFC Ceará Brazil enfjcncruz@gmail.com.
Insights
Long COVID syndrome presents significant cardiometabolic risks, including abnormal lipid profiles and inflammatory markers. Identifying these factors is crucial for managing post-COVID-19 complications and improving patient recovery.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Post-COVID syndrome, a complex pathology, involves multiple sequelae affecting patient recovery.
- Identifying cardiometabolic risk factors is essential for preventing long-term complications associated with COVID-19.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively map the existing scientific evidence linking cardiometabolic factors to patients experiencing long post-COVID-19 conditions.
- To understand the scope of research on cardiometabolic alterations in individuals with persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review methodology was employed, guided by the research question: "What scientific evidence relates cardiometabolic factors to patients with long post-Covid-19 syndrome?"
- Searches were conducted across six databases and specialized repositories for gray literature, utilizing specific keywords and Boolean operators.
Main Results:
- Fourteen studies were included in the review.
- Identified cardiometabolic factors include abnormal triglyceride levels, elevated glycated hemoglobin, altered ferritin, inflammatory processes, decreased platelets, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and abnormal liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin).
- Other findings include changes in monosaccharide and polysaccharide concentrations, increased LDL cholesterol, and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Conclusions:
- Cardiometabolic factors highlight the vulnerability of individuals with long COVID-19.
- Effective strategies are necessary to mitigate the systemic inflammatory impact of the disease and its subsequent clinical consequences.
Introduction:
Post-COVID syndrome is a pathology that involves multiple sequelae. It is important to identify cardiometabolic risk factors as a way of preventing complications.
Objective:
To map the scientific evidence related to cardiometabolic factors in long post-COVID-19 conditions.
Materials And Methods:
Scoping review with the guiding question: What scientific evidence relates cardiometabolic factors to patients with long post-Covid-19 syndrome? The sources of information used were six databases via the CAPES journal portal. For the gray literature, we used the CAPES catalog of theses and dissertations, the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, the Who Library Database and the medRxiv and OpenGrey repositories. The following descriptors were used: Adult, heart disease risk factors, Syndrome, SARS-CoV-2 and Covid 19 crossed using the Boolean operators AND and OR.
Results:
14 studies were included. The cardiometabolic factors found were: abnormal levels of triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin, ferritin, inflammatory processes, decreased platelets, phospholipids and endothelial cells, oxidative stress, higher concentrations of monosaccharides and reduced polysaccharides, increased LDL, ALT, AST and bilirubin, with reduced GFR.
Discussion:
Patients with long-term COVID report persistent and debilitating symptoms that affect recovery, quality of life, economic and social activities. In addition to increased resting heart rate, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, syncope, orthostatic tachycardia, angina and heart attack.
Conclusion:
Cardiometabolic factors expose the vulnerability of individuals affected by long Covid-19, so strategies are needed to reduce the systemic inflammatory impact of the disease and its clinical consequences.
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