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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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CAPABLE for People After Hospitalization: A Randomized Trial.

Sarah L Szanton1,2,3, David L Roth4, Kathryn Bowles4

  • 1Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

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|September 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The CAPABLE program did not improve daily living activities for recently hospitalized older adults. However, it enhanced functional mobility and benefited individuals with multiple health conditions.

Keywords:
disabilityinterventionpost‐hospitalization

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hospitalization frequently leads to functional decline and loss of independence in older adults.
  • This can result in adverse outcomes such as rehospitalization and nursing home placement.
  • The CAPABLE program is an evidence-based intervention designed to enhance independence in older adults with functional limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the CAPABLE program in recently hospitalized older adults.
  • To assess the impact of CAPABLE on activities of daily living (ADLs) and functional mobility.
  • To identify specific subgroups of post-hospitalization patients who may benefit most from CAPABLE.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized clinical trial involving 268 low-income, community-dwelling adults recently discharged from the hospital.
  • Participants received either standard care or the CAPABLE intervention, consisting of up to 10 home visits over 5 months by an interdisciplinary team.
  • Outcomes included changes in difficulty with ADLs, instrumental ADLs, and mobility measures.

Main Results:

  • The CAPABLE group showed no statistically significant improvement in overall ADL difficulty compared to the control group.
  • A significant improvement was observed in a composite mobility measure for the CAPABLE group.
  • Participants with four or more comorbidities at baseline experienced significantly improved ADL independence with CAPABLE.

Conclusions:

  • The CAPABLE program did not improve ADLs in recently hospitalized individuals receiving home health care.
  • However, CAPABLE demonstrated benefits in functional mobility and for those with multiple comorbidities.
  • Findings suggest a potential role for targeted CAPABLE implementation in the post-hospitalization period for specific patient groups.