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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Thermoresponsive Hydrogel with Thermal Memory.

Jiageng Pan1, Zican Yang2, Hao Ran Chen2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed thermally plastic hydrogels (TP-gels) that mimic biological thermal memory. These adaptable TP-gels can store thermal history and change properties, enabling new applications in cryptography.

Keywords:
phase separationpolyvinyl butyralthermal acclimationthermoresponsive hydrogels

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomimetic Materials

Background:

  • Biological systems exhibit thermal plasticity, dynamically altering properties based on thermal history.
  • Synthetic hydrogels lack this ability, limiting their adaptability and resemblance to biological materials.
  • Coral symbiont acclimatization provides inspiration for bio-inspired thermal memory systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer synthetic hydrogels with thermal plasticity, emulating biological thermal memory.
  • To develop a feedback loop enabling hydrogels to encode and respond to thermal history.
  • To explore applications of these thermally plastic hydrogels (TP-gels).

Main Methods:

  • Developed polyvinyl butyral-based TP-gels with a bioinspired feedback loop.
  • Utilized thermoresponsive equilibrium swelling to encode thermal history.
  • Employed elastic network constraints to program phase transition thresholds (Tc).
  • Exploited temperature-dependent polymer-water miscibility for adaptive swelling and multi-stable states.
  • Suppressed spinodal decomposition using elasticity to stabilize metastable states during thermal encoding.

Main Results:

  • Achieved reversible opacity transitions in TP-gels with programmable Tc shifts of 3-7 °C per cycle.
  • Demonstrated multi-stable states through adaptive swelling, encoding thermal history.
  • Successfully leveraged TP-gel plasticity for cryptographic applications, including sequential information decryption.
  • Showcased spatially resolved Tc gradients acting as thermodynamic keys for decryption.

Conclusions:

  • Established a paradigm for materials with embodied environmental intelligence by bridging biological adaptability and synthetic systems.
  • Demonstrated the potential of thermodynamic metastability engineering in creating adaptive materials.
  • Highlighted the significance of TP-gels for advanced applications requiring environmental responsiveness and memory.