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Comparison of D-dimer levels using coagulometer and immuno-nephelometer in Covid-19
S Shoukat1, E N G Turchan2, T I Budhy3
1Universitas Airlangga - UNAIR, School of Postgraduate, Department of Immunology, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Abstract:
Covid is one of the most lethal viruses in the human respiratory system. Previous outbreaks of Covid19 include a severe respiratory problem (SARS) Cov2 and the Middle East (MERS) respiratory syndrome has recently been identified as one of the most serious health risks. D-dimer is a result of fibrin depletion which increases during a large thrombotic dose attributed to the selective activation of fibrinolytic structure. Measuring D-dimer levels is important in identifying and assessing risk of blood clots and related conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This research is of great help to scientists working with new and high standard methods such as Immuno-nephelometer and Coagulometer and the diagnostics machines. Plasma D-dimer levels have demonstrated potential as a prognostic indicator for outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This research aimed to compare D-dimer levels among Covid-19 infected patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital using a Coagulometer with an Immuno-Nephelometer. Chest X-rays were performed to confirm active Covid-19 infections and blood samples were collected and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 15 minutes to get plasma. The plasmas were analyzed using immune-nephelometer and coagulometer diagnostic analyzers. The table showed high levels of D-Dimer which were obtained through analyzers which show the mean and median. The examination and the inflammation were worst, and the chest X-ray showed that shortness of breath became severe. This Study is to make a comparison between CS2500 and Architecti1000 by using immune-nephelometer and coagulometer because the data was statistically analyzed by using KAPPA KOHEN analysis. The confidence interval of 95% (α =0.05) was employed and the results were considered statistically significant. The correlation between CS2500 and Architecti1000 were tested by Mann-Whitney Test correlation and correlation coefficient (r) equals to 0.5 was considered as a threshold to decide the degree of correlation between variables. The findings showed a significant difference between in the D- dimers obtained by CS2500 and Architect i1000 (p=0.019). The compared levels of D-dimer obtained by using coagulometer with an immuno-nephelometer in Covid-19 patients were higher D-Dimer Levels as compared to the normal patients. There is also a difference between CS2500 and Architect i1000 by using immuno-nephelometer and coagulometer because Coagulometer is the more accurate method than the Immuno-nephelometer.
Insights
This study compared D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients using coagulometers and immuno-nephelometers. Coagulometers proved more accurate, showing higher D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients, indicating increased blood clot risk.
Area of Science:
- Medical Diagnostics
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- COVID-19 is a severe respiratory illness linked to increased thrombotic risk.
- D-dimer levels are crucial biomarkers for assessing blood clot formation and related conditions like DVT, PE, and DIC.
- Elevated D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients may serve as a prognostic indicator for disease severity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the accuracy of coagulometer and immuno-nephelometer methods in measuring D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients.
- To evaluate the correlation between D-dimer measurements obtained from two specific diagnostic analyzers (CS2500 and Architect i1000).
- To determine if D-dimer levels differ significantly between COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals using these diagnostic tools.
Main Methods:
- Blood samples were collected from COVID-19 patients confirmed via chest X-ray.
- Plasma was isolated and analyzed for D-dimer levels using both a coagulometer (CS2500) and an immuno-nephelometer (Architect i1000).
- Statistical analysis, including Kappa-Cohen and Mann-Whitney tests, was employed to compare the results with a 95% confidence interval.
Main Results:
- A statistically significant difference was observed in D-dimer levels measured by the CS2500 and Architect i1000 (p=0.019).
- COVID-19 patients exhibited higher D-dimer levels compared to normal patients across both measurement methods.
- The study indicated that the coagulometer method provided more accurate D-dimer measurements than the immuno-nephelometer method.
Conclusions:
- Coagulometers offer a more accurate assessment of D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients compared to immuno-nephelometers.
- Elevated D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients suggest a heightened risk of thrombosis.
- Accurate D-dimer measurement is vital for managing COVID-19 patients and assessing their risk of thromboembolic events.

