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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nephrology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Ceramides and sphingomyelins are lipids with largely unknown roles in kidney health.
  • Community-based studies on these associations are scarce.
  • American Indians have a high burden of kidney disease, necessitating research into its risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific ceramide and sphingomyelin species and kidney health markers.
  • To examine incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, and albuminuria in a large cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Strong Heart Family Study, a prospective cohort.
  • Employed generalized estimating equations to analyze associations between 8 ceramide and sphingomyelin species and kidney health outcomes.
  • Adjusted for relevant covariates in multivariable models.

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of sphingomyelin-16 (SM-16) were linked to an increased risk of CKD.
  • Elevated sphingomyelin-24 (SM-24) levels were associated with a lower risk of rapid kidney function decline.
  • Higher SM-24 levels also correlated with a higher eGFR, suggesting a protective effect.

Conclusions:

  • The impact of ceramides and sphingomyelins on kidney health varies depending on the specific lipid species.
  • The length of the attached fatty acid chain in sphingomyelins influences their association with kidney outcomes.
  • SM-16 and SM-24 show opposing associations with CKD risk and kidney function decline.