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Repeatability of flicker modulation sensitivity measured using the Flicker-Plus test.

Aiman Hafeez1, Alison Binns1, Sajni Bohra1

  • 1School of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.

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|September 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Flicker-Plus test demonstrates good to excellent test-retest reliability for measuring flicker modulation thresholds (FMT) in healthy eyes. This indicates consistent results across repeated measurements, supporting its use in clinical settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Visual Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychophysics

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of visual function is crucial in ophthalmology.
  • Flicker modulation thresholds (FMT) assess rod and cone function.
  • The Flicker-Plus test is a tool for evaluating these thresholds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the test-retest variability of the Flicker-Plus test for rod and cone-enhanced flicker modulation thresholds (FMT) in healthy individuals.
  • To assess within-subject variability in repeated measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty healthy participants underwent monocular FMT measurements at foveal and peripheral locations.
  • Measurements were repeated within a 2-week period under rod or cone-specific conditions.
  • Within-subject variability was assessed via binocular measurements over 3 weeks in three participants.
  • Inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Coefficient of Repeatability (CoR) were calculated.

Main Results:

  • Bland Altman analysis showed no statistically significant difference between repeated visits.
  • Inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated good to excellent test-retest reliability for all measures.
  • Coefficient of Repeatability (CoR) was higher in participants younger than 45 years.

Conclusions:

  • The Flicker-Plus test exhibits good to excellent test-retest repeatability.
  • Reliability was consistent across foveal and peripheral locations, and for both rod and cone conditions.
  • No significant learning effects were observed, supporting the test's stability.