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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

Evidence for individual differences in the temporal binding effect.

Laura Saad¹, Pernille Hemmer¹, Julien Musolino¹

¹Department of Psychology, Rutgers University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance

|September 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Individual differences in temporal binding, a key aspect of agency, show consistent directional variations. This suggests qualitative differences in how people perceive the time between actions and outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Perception

Background:

Sense of agency is crucial for human experience.
Temporal binding, a subjective time compression, is an implicit measure of agency.
Previous research assumed consistent directionality in temporal binding.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate individual-level consistency of temporal binding directionality.
Determine if temporal binding effects differ qualitatively between individuals.
Explore implications for the sense of agency literature.

Main Methods:

Reanalyzed and visualized data from three temporal binding datasets at the individual level.
Applied a validated Bayes factor mixed-method modeling approach to two additional datasets.
Simulated individual true effects and accounted for sampling noise.

Main Results:

Consistent differences in the directionality of temporal binding were found at the individual level.
These directional differences persisted after accounting for sampling noise.
Models allowing for individual differences in magnitude and directionality provided the best fit.

Conclusions:

Strong evidence supports qualitative differences in the temporal binding effect.
Individual variations in temporal binding directionality are a significant finding.
Results necessitate a reevaluation of temporal binding as a uniform measure of agency.