Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 17, 2026
E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
Published on: August 1, 2019
Effectiveness and Related Factors of Narrative Messages in Correcting Health-Related Misinformation: Protocol for a
Tsuyoshi Okuhara1, Hiroko Okada1, Rie Yokota2
1Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Background:
The internet and social media have become essential sources of health information for patients and citizens; however, they often disseminate misinformation that lacks scientific evidence. Health-related misinformation can undermine evidence-based treatment, weaken patient-provider relationships, and contribute to adverse health outcomes. Although narratives have been proposed as a promising approach to countering misinformation, their effectiveness remains inconsistent and influenced by various factors.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of narrative messages in correcting health-related misinformation compared to nonnarrative messages. It also seeks to identify message-, sender-, and recipient-related factors that influence the effectiveness of narrative-based corrections.
Methods:
This systematic review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Comprehensive searches will be conducted across databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, using keywords related to narratives and correction of health-related misinformation. This review will include quantitative studies evaluating narrative-based corrections for health-related misinformation in experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Studies unrelated to health misinformation or where the full text is unavailable will be excluded. No restrictions on publication year will apply. Only papers written in English will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen the papers using Rayyan QCRI software, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Data extraction will cover health topics (eg, vaccination, tobacco), study characteristics (eg, author, publication year), narrative characteristics (eg, definition of narrative, theoretical foundation), participant characteristics (eg, sociodemographic), methodology (eg, study design, content of interventions and comparators, outcomes and measures, moderating and mediating factors), main results, and discussion. The quality of the eligible studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and the Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions tool.
Results:
The results will be summarized in tables and presented as a descriptive review addressing the effectiveness of narrative corrections in health-related misinformation and the factors influencing their success. The implications of these results for future studies and practices will be elucidated. The findings of this review will be presented at a relevant conference and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. The aim is to complete the submission process by the northern summer of 2025.
Conclusions:
Narrative messages represent a theoretically promising strategy for countering health-related misinformation; however, their effectiveness is context-dependent. This review will offer critical insights into the factors that influence the success of narrative corrections for health-related misinformation, contributing to the development of improved correction strategies and a theoretical understanding of narrative corrections.
International Registered Report Identifier (Irrid):
DERR1-10.2196/69414.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
01:26Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports
Here's an overview of each type:
Telephone Orders
01:30Guidelines for Nursing Documentation I
Factual:
The following points emphasize the significance of upholding accurate and unbiased documentation in healthcare.
01:21Barriers to Effective Communication II
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
01:29Bias in Epidemiological Studies
01:25Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring
Several factors...