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Development and Evaluation of the Firefighter Exposure to Carcinogens Scale
Patrick J McGrath1, Maryam Akbari-Fakhrabadi, William F Chaplin
1From the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (P.J.M.G., M.A.-F., T.X.); Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (P.J.M.G., T.X., J.L.W., I.Y.); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (P.J.M.G., T.S.); St. John's University, Queens, NY (W.F.C., M.K.M.D.); Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (T.S., G.P., J.P., I.I.); Canadian Volunteer Fire Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (G.P.); Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (E.L.); University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (J.P.); Guelph/Eramosa Fire Department, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (J.P.); Leduc County Emergency Management and Training, Leduc, Alberta, Canada (I.I.); University of Miami, FL (A.C.-M.); and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (V.H.).
Objective:
Firefighters are exposed to carcinogens from combustion, necessitating decontamination practices. This study developed and validated the Firefighter Exposure to Carcinogens Scale (FECS) to assess exposure-mitigating behaviors.
Methods:
The sample included 179 volunteer firefighters from across Canada, comprising both English and French speakers, evaluated 20 items on exposure prevention across the following three dimensions: perceived importance, past behavior, and future intention. Principal axis factor analysis was conducted, and parallel analysis based on principal components determined the number of factors. McDonald's Omega measured internal consistency, and item-total correlations were examined.
Results:
A one-factor solution was acceptable for all scales, with high coefficient omega values indicating strong internal consistency. Small mean differences between language groups were nonsignificant, and no correlations were found with demographic variables.
Conclusions:
The FECS is a reliable, valid one-factor model for both languages, supporting cancer prevention efforts.
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