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Risk of Suicide Among U.S. Adults With Work Disability.

Mark Olfson1, Candace M Cosgrove2, Melanie M Wall1

  • 1Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

U.S. adults with work disability face a significantly higher suicide risk. This increased risk is particularly pronounced in women, younger individuals, and those with specific functional impairments, highlighting a critical public health concern.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Limited prior research exists on suicide risk among U.S. adults with federally qualified work disability.
  • Understanding this risk is crucial for developing targeted suicide prevention interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between work disability and suicide risk in U.S. adults.
  • To identify specific demographic and functional impairment subgroups with elevated suicide risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a nationally representative sample from the 2008 American Community Survey (N=2,403,000) from 2008-2019.
  • Employed Cox models to estimate suicide hazard ratios, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors.
  • Stratified analyses by age, sex, and various functional impairments (e.g., cognitive, mobility).

Main Results:

  • Adults with work disability had higher suicide rates (34.6 per 100,000) compared to those without (13.5 per 100,000).
  • Work disability was associated with a 44% increased hazard of suicide after controlling for covariates (HR=1.44).
  • Elevated suicide hazards were observed in females (HR=1.90), younger adults (HR=1.84), and individuals with visual, cognitive, mobility, self-care, or independent living impairments.

Conclusions:

  • U.S. adults with work disability are at a significantly increased risk of suicide.
  • Women, younger adults, and individuals with specific functional impairments represent key subgroups requiring focused suicide prevention efforts.
  • Findings underscore the need for integrated mental health and disability support services.