Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles: Innovative Nanomedicine for Therapeutic Applications

Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) have demonstrated substantial potential and promising prospects in the realms of disease prevention and therapy. Composed of a diverse array of bioactive constituents and secondary metabolites, they are poised to exert significant influence in anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, their inherent nanomaterial properties coupled with excellent biocompatibility render PELNs natural candidates for drug delivery systems, enhancing bioavailability. This paper mainly reviews the biogenesis, isolation, and characterization of PELNs, then endeavors to synthesize the current body of knowledge on them and emphasize their potential therapeutic applications. We focus on key findings regarding anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidant effects and discuss how these insights can guide the design of next-generation nanomedicines.