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Artificial intelligence in cataract grading system: a LOCS III-based hybrid model achieving high-precision

Gege Tang1, Jie Zhang2, Yingqi Du1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|September 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

An AI algorithm accurately diagnoses and grades cataracts, classifying lens opacities. This artificial intelligence system offers rapid and precise cataract detection and grading.

Keywords:
Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III)anterior segment imageartificial intelligencecataractneural network

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cataracts are a leading cause of vision impairment.
  • Accurate diagnosis and grading of cataracts are crucial for effective treatment.
  • Existing methods for cataract assessment can be subjective and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for automatic cataract diagnosis and classification.
  • To base the AI algorithm on the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III).

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study utilizing an AI-based neural network.
  • The system employs image processing techniques like grayscale analysis, binarization, cluster analysis, and morphological operations (dilation-corrosion).
  • Evaluation of the system's generalization ability was performed.

Main Results:

  • The AI system achieved 100% accuracy in identifying lens anatomy.
  • Diagnostic accuracy for nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts ranged from 92.28% to 100%.
  • Classification accuracy for specific cataract types (NO, NC, C, P) was between 90.88% and 100%, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) values from 96.68% to 100%.

Conclusions:

  • A novel AI-driven system for cataract diagnosis and grading has been developed.
  • The system provides an automated scheme for rapid and accurate cataract assessment.
  • This AI algorithm facilitates efficient and precise clinical decision-making in ophthalmology.